Shots at Fortune and Life Essay Example for Free

Shots at Fortune and Life Essay Very few people get a shot at Fortune and Life but Margaret Bourke-White simply snapped her fingers and got into both. This very attractive and talented photojournalist made her name in the industry through her pictures for Fortune and Life Magazine. Living during the era when journalism was still way ahead of video productions, her photographs told much of a story with a shot from her lens. Margaret Bourke-White was born on June 14, 1904 in the Bronx, New York to Joseph White and Minnie Bourke. Joseph was of Polish-Jewish background while Minnie had Irish-English blood. (Women in History) Her parents were both believers of a religion called Ethical Culture which was a form of atheism. Ethical culture was very rigid to the point that it only allowed sexual intercourse between married couples for the sole purpose of creating children. (Goldberg 1986 pp. 4-5) In adherence to its philosophies, the couple brought up their children in a mentally stimulating and moral home. (Keller 1996 pp. 8-9) Mr. White was an engineer who was able to develop many versions of printing presses while his wife was totally dedicated in nurturing their children. Minnie was a very strict mother. She limited the children’s exposure to fried food and funny papers. Joseph, on the other hand, was an amateur photographer who was able to pass on his love for still pictures to his daughter. Margaret’s passion for photography began when as a child of eight years, she went with her father to watch the manufacture of printing presses. The marvel of seeing molten iron being poured captivated the photographer in her. (Margaret Bourke White par. 1) However, her total absorption into photojournalism was still far behind her mind. She began her college years in 1922 at New York’s Columbia University in a course for herpetology which is the study of reptiles. However, she met Everett Chapman, an engineering graduate student and got married in 1925. The marriage ended in divorce a year later which was also the time she decided to incorporate her mother’s last name into her own. (Margaret Bourke-White Biography 2007 par. 2) She became the student of Clarence White, a known photography instructor which sparked her interest enough to leave herpetology. She switched courses and schools several times before she finally graduated in 1927 at Cornell University. (Bois 1997) She opened her own photo studio after college at Cleveland wherein she specialized in architectural photos of industrialization. At that time, Cleveland was enjoying industrial progress and she marveled in taking pictures of this era which can be considered as symbols of economic prosperity. â€Å"She romanticized the power of machines through close-ups, dramatic cross lighting and unusual perspectives† that gave people a different view of industrialization. (â€Å"The Photography of Design† 2004 par. 5-6) Her pictures got the attention of well-known publisher, Henry Luce. By 1929, he was able to get her to shoot as staff photographer for the first issue of Fortune Magazine. The assignment was a difficult one that had to focus on Swift and Company’s hog processing plant but her perseverance to be the best made her finish the job well. (Cox 2003) By 1936, Luce introduced the first issue of Life Magazine. The front page photo of Fort Peck Dam that at that time was still under construction was shot by Bourke-White along with her essay inside. Fortune and Life magazines gave her numerous opportunities to see the world for various photo assignments. She was able to capture photos of World War II in Europe including Nazi camps, Mohandas K. Gandhi, the Korean War and the social unrest in South Africa. (Lee Gallery par. 1)

The Cognitive Revolution and Scientific Study of Psychology Essay

The cognitive revolution in psychology was a period during the 1950’s and 1960’s which involved radical changes to two major concepts in psychology which are consciousness and causality. It was also a period that saw to the abolishment of traditional science values of dichotomy and the worship of atomisation in science, replacing reductive micro deterministic views of personhood with holistic top-down view (Overskeid, 2008) The aim of this essay is to give an account of what constitutes the cognitive revolution, and also assess the contributions that the cognitive revolution has made to the scientific study of psychology. The cognitive revolution represents a diametric turn around in the century’s old treatment of mind and consciousness in science, such as the contents of conscious experience, whose subjective qualities were being discarded as mere causal epiphenomena (Sperry 1993). This paradigm shift brought with it alternative beliefs about the ultimate nature of things thereby bringing forth new answers to some of humanities deepest questions. The key assumption of cognitivism is that people have different mental states each of which can lead to a different response. The manipulation of these different states can be described in terms of algorithms all of which has become the defining paradigm of psychology (Sperry 1993) One major contribution that cognitivism had on the study of psychology as a science came in the form of psychological theories. It returned the conditioning theory as well as comparative psychology back to a position where they recognized the there were a number of qualitative differences between the psychological processing of humans and animal (Greenwood, 1999). This is as a result of the empirical prob... ...an Psychology. American psychologist, 47(2), 308-318 Robins R.W, Gosling S.D & Craik R.H (1999) An Empirical Analysis of Trends in Psychology. American psychologists, 54,(2), 117-128 Vosniadou S. (1996) TOWARDS A REVISED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY FOR NEW ADVANCES IN LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION. Learning and instruction,6( 2), 95-109. Sperry R. (1993) The Impact and Promise of the Cognitive Revolution. American Psychologist 48 (8) 878-885 Overskeid, Geir. (2008, January 1). They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of cognitivism and a second chance for behavior analysis The Free Library. (2008). Retrieved January 01, 2011 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of...-a0175445637 Newell, A., Shaw, J. C., & Simon, H. (1958). Elements of a theory of problem solving. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.

Psychology of Terrorism Essay

Sexual harassment defined is any act that amounts to sexual advances that are unwelcome including asking for favors that are sexual related and also use of obscene and vulgar language. (O’Shea, 1998)Sexual harassment is classified as a crime in many countries and is therefore punishable by law. This paper takes an in-depth look at sexual harassments, how different victims are treated especially as far as age is concerned and the various laws regarding sexual harassment. 1. Define the two types of sexual harassment recognized by the courts. a) Generally there are two types of sexual harassment recognized by the courts. The first type of sexual harassment is one that affects one in his or her employment. (O’Shea, 1998) For instance if a supervisor asks one of his subordinates for a sexual favor with threats that if the subordinate is not cooperative then he or she will lose his or her job, then this amounts to sexual harassment. This kind of sexual harassment can only be done by a person who possesses authority over another and who is able to influence the employment of the victim in question. Such tangible employment actions include demotion, slashing of salaries, and unwarranted termination of employment. This mind of sexual harassment is commonly referred to as quid pro quo meaning â€Å"this for that†. This literally means that give me this and you will get that. b). The other kind of sexual harassment is known as hostile environment. This is normally the general conduct of employees in an organization as opposed to the conduct of one person like in the previous type of sexual harassment. Some of the behaviors that may contribute to a hostile environment in an organization include: i) Constant use of vulgar and obscene language. ii) Making comments in regard to the physical attributes of a person but in sexual related manner. iii) Giving favors to anyone involved in sexual activities in the organization. iv) Touching a person without their submission. v) Use of terms to indicate that there is a sexual relationship between the two while in fact it does not exist. vi) Use of indecent symbols signs and gestures. 2. Compare and contrast the rights of juveniles to that of adults. The rights provided of adults and children both as victims of sexual harassment differ slightly although the main aim for both is to protect victims of sexual harassment. (O’Shea, 1998) Usually the law is more strict one acts of sexual harassment done against children and the elderly putting into consideration their delicate nature. Sexual harassment of minors and small children is referred to as defilement and always carries a more severe punishment. Sexual harassment of an adult person is also classified crime and is in contravention with the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Any person be it a child an, adult or an elderly person if undergoes sexual harassment one is required to report to the relevant authorities using the right procedure which varies from institution to institution and form country to country. Sexual harassment is an act that is recognized as a crime in many countries of the world and thus a victim should not be embarrassed to report as this might make the behavior to get worse. Reference: O’Shea, T. (1998). Sexual Harassment: A Practical Guide to the Law, Your Rights, and Your Options for Taking Action. St Martin’s Griffins, London.

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